In an emerging study by the American Federation for Aging Research, scientists are delving into the factors that allow certain individuals to live well into their 90s and beyond. This study, known as the SuperAgers Family Study, invites SuperAgers—defined as people aged 95 and older who maintain good physical and mental health—and their adult children to participate. Researchers aim to uncover the genetic and lifestyle elements that contribute to such remarkable longevity.
One participant called Sally, a 95-year-old woman, offers a glimpse into the life of a SuperAger. In 1950, she began her career at Macy’s Department Store in New York City, eventually transitioning to Bloomingdale’s, where she conducted morning breakfast interviews. These interactions gave rise to “The Sally Froelich Show,” a programme that ran for over two decades. She vividly recalls a series from the show called “The Vital Years,” which discussed various aspects of ageing, including second marriages, exercise, and dealing with grandchildren.
The SuperAgers Family Study is ambitious in scope, seeking to enrol 10,000 SuperAgers. The study also includes the adult children of these individuals and their spouses who do not have SuperAger parents. According to experts, comparing the genetic data of these groups will help identify genes that may contribute to longevity. By understanding these genetic components, scientists hope to develop medications that can mimic the benefits of these genes for those who do not naturally possess them.
Previous research has suggested that genes regulating HDL cholesterol and growth hormones might play a significant role in longevity. However, lifestyle factors are also crucial. While only about 0.1% of Americans live to be 95 or older—likely due to favourable genetics—the remaining 99.9% can still benefit from healthy lifestyle choices to delay age-related diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.
Experts indicate that between 20% to 40% of longevity can be attributed to genetics, leaving 60% to 80% influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors. These factors include prenatal care, childhood nutrition, education, and access to healthcare. The concept of “weathering” suggests that long-term socioeconomic disadvantages can accelerate health deterioration.
Nevertheless, lifestyle choices play a significant role in health and longevity. The SuperAger offers some practical advice based on her own experiences:
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Balanced Diet: She eats three meals a day without overeating.
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Avoid Smoking and Excessive Drinking: Smokers face triple the risk of premature death from heart disease or stroke compared to non-smokers. Additionally, consuming 7 to 14 alcoholic drinks per week could reduce life expectancy by about six months.
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Maintain a Healthy Weight: Her weight has remained stable for the past 50 years.
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Regular Exercise: She has been active throughout her life, golfing two to three times a week and exercising six days a week. Her routine includes daily stretches, 80 sit-ups each morning, and lifting weights three times a week.
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Mental Stimulation: She keeps her mind sharp by playing bridge weekly and engaging in online games. She also enjoys audiobooks and television.
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Social Connections: Social interactions are essential for mental health. She maintains an active social life through golfing, dining out, and spending time with family.
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Finding Joy: She believes in doing activities that bring happiness, such as eating ice cream and chocolate.
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Self-Care: Personal grooming is important to her; she keeps her hair and nails done and pays attention to her appearance.
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Positive Attitude Towards Ageing: A positive perception of ageing can add about 7.5 years to one’s life and improve quality of life.
While not everyone is genetically predisposed to become a SuperAger, the research underscores that ageing does not necessarily equate to disease and disability. Many older adults remain healthy and independent, enjoying a high quality of life. The SuperAgers Family Study aims to unlock the secrets of ageing well, offering hope that scientific advancements may help more people enjoy longer, healthier lives.
