In the aftermath of a respiratory infection, many adults find themselves plagued by a persistent cough that lingers long after other symptoms have subsided. This phenomenon, known as a post-infectious cough, affects a significant portion of the population, with statistics indicating that approximately 11% to 25% of adults will experience this condition following a respiratory illness.
Experts shed light on the underlying causes of post-infectious coughs, attributing them to the lingering effects of inflammation and increased mucus production triggered by the initial infection. This inflammation can heighten sensitivity in the respiratory system, including the nose, throat, voice box, and lungs, leading to a dry, hacking cough that can persist for weeks.
While post-infectious coughs are generally benign and tend to resolve on their own within three to eight weeks, they can be physically discomforting and socially inconvenient. However, experts reassure that conservative treatments, such as over-the-counter cough suppressants, intranasal steroids for postnasal drip, humidifiers, and lozenges, can help alleviate symptoms and minimise the impact of the cough on daily life. It is important to note that antibiotics and steroids are not recommended for treating post-infectious coughs, as studies have shown that most cases improve over time without the need for medication.
Distinguishing between a post-infectious cough and a more serious respiratory condition is crucial. While a dry, persistent cough is characteristic of a post-infectious cough, symptoms such as a wet cough accompanied by shortness of breath, chest pain, blood in mucus, difficulty swallowing, fever, or noisy breathing should prompt evaluation by a healthcare professional.
In cases where the cough persists beyond eight weeks or is accompanied by red-flag symptoms like those mentioned above, further investigations such as a chest x-ray or pulmonary function test may be warranted to rule out underlying issues such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or other respiratory conditions.
The lingering stigma surrounding prolonged coughs in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of understanding and addressing post-infectious coughs as a common and generally harmless consequence of respiratory infections. By recognising the nature of post-infectious coughs and seeking appropriate care when necessary, individuals can navigate this temporary condition with greater ease and peace of mind.
