New research has shed light on the potential benefits of reducing or quitting alcohol consumption for brain health. A study published in Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research found that individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) who cut back on their drinking experienced less brain shrinkage and had greater volume in specific regions of the brain compared to those who continued to drink heavily.
Alcohol use disorder is a brain disorder characterised by an inability to control or stop alcohol consumption despite its negative impact on various aspects of life. The study involved 68 participants with AUD, who were matched with a control group of 34 non-drinkers or light drinkers. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess the volume of different brain regions.
The results revealed that individuals who reduced their alcohol intake or quit drinking completely exhibited greater brain volume in particular regions compared to those who continued to drink heavily. Furthermore, when those who cut back on their drinking reached a low-risk level of alcohol consumption (no more than three drinks per day for men or 1.5 drinks for women), the volume of these brain regions closely resembled that of non-drinkers.
The findings suggest that while complete abstinence may be challenging for some individuals, reducing alcohol consumption could be a more attainable goal. The study focused on the cortex volume in various brain regions, with particular emphasis on the frontal regions. These regions play a crucial role in decision-making, emotional regulation, and working memory. Reduced volume in these areas could potentially impair these cognitive functions.
Experts explained that while alcohol consumption does not destroy brain cells, it can lead to shrinkage. The study specifically highlighted the impact of moderate alcohol consumption on the hippocampus, a region associated with learning and memory. Over time, alcohol consumption can cause the hippocampus to reduce in size, potentially affecting neurogenesis and the process of creating new neurones.
Long-term alcohol use may also contribute to brain shrinkage due to alcohol’s diuretic properties, leading to dehydration. However, previous consensus specifically focused on the shrinkage of the hippocampus, suggesting that inhibition of neurogenesis plays a significant role in reducing brain size.
For individuals looking to reduce their alcohol consumption, experts provided several tips. Practising mindful drinking involves paying attention to the amount and frequency of alcohol consumption, making deliberate choices about when and how much to drink.
Staying well-hydrated throughout the day is also essential, as people often mistake thirst for the urge to consume alcohol. Drinking water between alcoholic beverages can help reduce alcohol consumption. Additionally, seeking out non-alcoholic alternatives can provide the ritual of a drink without the alcohol content. Options such as herbal teas, sparkling waters, and mocktails are readily available.
Setting a predetermined limit before attending events where alcohol may be served can also be helpful. By sticking to this limit and enlisting the support of a friend or accountability group, individuals can maintain their commitment to healthier drinking habits.
Reducing alcohol consumption can be a challenging process, and seeking professional help is encouraged for those who find it overwhelming. These professionals can provide tailored support, help develop coping mechanisms for triggers, and address underlying issues that contribute to excessive drinking.
Experts also emphasised the benefits of talking with individuals or joining support groups to share experiences and gain emotional support and accountability. Support groups create a sense of community and provide a platform for individuals to navigate their journey towards healthier drinking habits.
The recent study reinforces the potential benefits of reducing or quitting alcohol consumption for brain health, particularly in individuals with alcohol use disorders. While complete abstinence may be challenging, cutting back on alcohol intake can lead to positive changes in brain volume. Practising mindful drinking, staying hydrated, seeking non-alcoholic alternatives, and setting predetermined limits are all strategies that can support individuals in achieving their goals. Professional help is also available for those who require additional support on their journey towards healthier drinking habits.
